Effect of climate change, CO2 trends, nitrogen addition, and land-cover and management intensity changes on the carbon balance of European grasslands.
Identifieur interne : 002036 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002035; suivant : 002037Effect of climate change, CO2 trends, nitrogen addition, and land-cover and management intensity changes on the carbon balance of European grasslands.
Auteurs : Jinfeng Chang [France] ; Philippe Ciais [France] ; Nicolas Viovy [France] ; Nicolas Vuichard [France] ; Mario Herrero [Australie] ; Petr Havlík [Autriche] ; Xuhui Wang [France] ; Benjamin Sultan [France] ; Jean-François Soussana [France]Source :
- Global change biology [ 1365-2486 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil.
- methods : Agriculture.
- Air Pollution, Animals, Carbon Cycle, Carbon Dioxide, Climate Change, Europe, Grassland, Livestock, Models, Theoretical.
Abstract
Several lines of evidence point to European managed grassland ecosystems being a sink of carbon. In this study, we apply ORCHIDEE-GM a process-based carbon cycle model that describes specific management practices of pastures and the dynamics of carbon cycling in response to changes in climatic and biogeochemical drivers. The model is used to simulate changes in the carbon balance [i.e., net biome production (NBP)] of European grasslands over 1991-2010 on a 25 km × 25 km grid. The modeled average trend in NBP is 1.8-2.0 g C m(-2) yr(-2) during the past two decades. Attribution of this trend suggests management intensity as the dominant driver explaining NBP trends in the model (36-43% of the trend due to all drivers). A major change in grassland management intensity has occurred across Europe resulting from reduced livestock numbers. This change has 'inadvertently' enhanced soil C sequestration and reduced N2 O and CH4 emissions by 1.2-1.5 Gt CO2 -equivalent, offsetting more than 7% of greenhouse gas emissions in the whole European agricultural sector during the period 1991-2010. Land-cover change, climate change and rising CO2 also make positive and moderate contributions to the NBP trend (between 24% and 31% of the trend due to all drivers). Changes in nitrogen addition (including fertilization and atmospheric deposition) are found to have only marginal net effect on NBP trends. However, this may not reflect reality because our model has only a very simple parameterization of nitrogen effects on photosynthesis. The sum of NBP trends from each driver is larger than the trend obtained when all drivers are varied together, leaving a residual - nonattributed - term (22-26% of the trend due to all drivers) indicating negative interactions between drivers.
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13050
PubMed: 26207894
Affiliations:
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Mario" uniqKey="Herrero M" first="Mario" last="Herrero">Mario Herrero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4067</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havlik, Petr" sort="Havlik, Petr" uniqKey="Havlik P" first="Petr" last="Havlík">Petr Havlík</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, 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(UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75005</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soussana, Jean Francois" sort="Soussana, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Soussana J" first="Jean-François" last="Soussana">Jean-François Soussana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unit, UREP, Clermont-Ferrand, 63100, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unit, UREP, Clermont-Ferrand, 63100</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>63100</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>63100</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Global change biology</title><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture (methods)</term><term>Air Pollution</term><term>Animals</term><term>Carbon (chemistry)</term><term>Carbon Cycle</term><term>Carbon Dioxide</term><term>Climate Change</term><term>Europe</term><term>Grassland</term><term>Livestock</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term><term>Nitrogen (chemistry)</term><term>Soil (chemistry)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture ()</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Azote ()</term><term>Bétail</term><term>Carbone ()</term><term>Changement climatique</term><term>Cycle du carbone</term><term>Dioxyde de carbone</term><term>Europe</term><term>Modèles théoriques</term><term>Pollution de l'air</term><term>Prairie</term><term>Sol ()</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Carbon</term><term>Nitrogen</term><term>Soil</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollution</term><term>Animals</term><term>Carbon Cycle</term><term>Carbon Dioxide</term><term>Climate Change</term><term>Europe</term><term>Grassland</term><term>Livestock</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Azote</term><term>Bétail</term><term>Carbone</term><term>Changement climatique</term><term>Cycle du carbone</term><term>Dioxyde de carbone</term><term>Europe</term><term>Modèles théoriques</term><term>Pollution de l'air</term><term>Prairie</term><term>Sol</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Several lines of evidence point to European managed grassland ecosystems being a sink of carbon. In this study, we apply ORCHIDEE-GM a process-based carbon cycle model that describes specific management practices of pastures and the dynamics of carbon cycling in response to changes in climatic and biogeochemical drivers. The model is used to simulate changes in the carbon balance [i.e., net biome production (NBP)] of European grasslands over 1991-2010 on a 25 km × 25 km grid. The modeled average trend in NBP is 1.8-2.0 g C m(-2) yr(-2) during the past two decades. Attribution of this trend suggests management intensity as the dominant driver explaining NBP trends in the model (36-43% of the trend due to all drivers). A major change in grassland management intensity has occurred across Europe resulting from reduced livestock numbers. This change has 'inadvertently' enhanced soil C sequestration and reduced N2 O and CH4 emissions by 1.2-1.5 Gt CO2 -equivalent, offsetting more than 7% of greenhouse gas emissions in the whole European agricultural sector during the period 1991-2010. Land-cover change, climate change and rising CO2 also make positive and moderate contributions to the NBP trend (between 24% and 31% of the trend due to all drivers). Changes in nitrogen addition (including fertilization and atmospheric deposition) are found to have only marginal net effect on NBP trends. However, this may not reflect reality because our model has only a very simple parameterization of nitrogen effects on photosynthesis. The sum of NBP trends from each driver is larger than the trend obtained when all drivers are varied together, leaving a residual - nonattributed - term (22-26% of the trend due to all drivers) indicating negative interactions between drivers.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Autriche</li><li>France</li></country><region><li>Île-de-France</li></region></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Chang, Jinfeng" sort="Chang, Jinfeng" uniqKey="Chang J" first="Jinfeng" last="Chang">Jinfeng Chang</name></region><name sortKey="Ciais, Philippe" sort="Ciais, Philippe" uniqKey="Ciais P" first="Philippe" last="Ciais">Philippe Ciais</name><name sortKey="Soussana, Jean Francois" sort="Soussana, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Soussana J" first="Jean-François" last="Soussana">Jean-François Soussana</name><name sortKey="Sultan, Benjamin" sort="Sultan, Benjamin" uniqKey="Sultan B" first="Benjamin" last="Sultan">Benjamin Sultan</name><name sortKey="Viovy, Nicolas" sort="Viovy, Nicolas" uniqKey="Viovy N" first="Nicolas" last="Viovy">Nicolas Viovy</name><name sortKey="Vuichard, Nicolas" sort="Vuichard, Nicolas" uniqKey="Vuichard N" first="Nicolas" last="Vuichard">Nicolas Vuichard</name><name sortKey="Wang, Xuhui" sort="Wang, Xuhui" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xuhui" last="Wang">Xuhui Wang</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Herrero, Mario" sort="Herrero, Mario" uniqKey="Herrero M" first="Mario" last="Herrero">Mario Herrero</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Havlik, Petr" sort="Havlik, Petr" uniqKey="Havlik P" first="Petr" last="Havlík">Petr Havlík</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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